Adding-machine



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

P. A. BONE.

ADDING MACHINE.

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ADDING MACHINE.

Patented Oct. 26, 1886.

QUE f) N, PETERS, Phota-Lilhognpher. Wahington. DV 0.

ings, forming a part of this specification, and

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRANK A. BONE, OF LEBANON, OHIO.

ADDING-MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 351,487, dated October26, 1886.

Application filed December 14, 1885. Serial No. 185,656. (No model.) I

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK A. Born, of Lebanon, in the county of Warrenand State of Ohio,have invented a new and Improved Adding-Machine, ofwhich the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

The object of my invention is to provide a new and improved machine foradding numbers by means of the manipulation of nine keys representingthe nine digits, 1, 2, 3, 4L, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, which machine issimple, gives reliable results, and can be operated very easily andrapidly and with little mental effort to the operator.

Reference is had to the accompanying drawwhich illustrate What Iconsider the best means for carrying my invention into practice.

Figure 1 is a plan view of my improved addingmachine. Fig. 2 is a planview of the same with the top plate and mechanism above removed. Fig. 3is a longitudinal elevation of the same with the side of the framenearest the observer removed. Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 2,showing the condition of parts with key No. 3 depressed. Fig. 5 is aview similar to Fig. 3, showing condition of parts with key No. 3depressed.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all.the'figures where they occur.

The top plate, A, of the machine is pierced with nine holes placed in acircle at about equal distances apart and at a convenient distance fromthe center of said circle. Into these nine holes are placed numberedkeys or pushpins c c a, beginning at No. 1 and running to No.9, leavinga space of seventy-two degrees, or'twice the space between the otherkeys, between No. 9 and No. 1. These keys move freely in the holes, andare kept up by a spiral, g", or other spring, arranged in any suitablemanner, preferably pressing under the heads of the keys. An enlargementat the lower end of the key-stem prevents the spring from forcing thekeys entirely out of the holes in the plate. In the center of the circleof keys and placed on top of the plate Ais the small wheel B, with tenequal-spaced notches or cogs on the circumference thereof, the notchesbeing num.-' bered from O to 9. The spring-pawl C keeps helps press itinto the right place when akey is struck or pressed, and also serves asan indcx or point to place zero when beginning to add. The wheel B isrigidly fixed to the axis D, which passes entirely through the frame ofthe machine, and is shown by dotted lines in Fig. 3; also, rigidly fixedto the central axis, D, beneath the plate A, is the ratchet-wheel E,having ten small rectangularly-shaped projections or teeth, EQE,corresponding in number with the depressions upon and revolving inunison with wheel B.

The wheel F is for the purpose of marking or registering the tens added,and has twenty or more ratchet-teeth,numbered consecutively from zeroup. Connected with this wheel is the escapement or pallet F, with springf pressing on it. The point of the pallet nearest the small wheel B isused as the zero or starting point for the wheel F. A spiral spring, f,tends to press the wheel F forward at all times. So long as theescapement or pallet is undisturbed, the wheel F is held, but when theescapement or pallet is released from the wheel the spring f will impelit forward. The escapement is released for each ten counted upon themachine, or,what is the same thing, at each revolution of the wheel B.This is effected by a projection, b,which is secured or formed uponwheel B at a proper point to strike the free end of pallet F whenbrought to the proper point of revolution. This free end of pallet [Fis. made of such form as to engage the next tooth to it, so as toprevent the escape or passage past the engaging end of the pallet ofmore than one teeth at each trip or release thereof. The milled head G,fixed to the wheel F by a stem, is for the purpose of setting said wheel0 F back to zero (or any other number that is wished) after a column offigures has been added; The pallet has its head rounded or sloped on oneside, and the teeth on wheel F are also inclined on one side, whichconstruction allows wheel F to be turned backward, but not forward, bythe head G. The checkpin 9', which projects up from the wheel F,prevents the said wheel from passing the zeropoint when it is turnedback after adding a column. The arm or bracket H is for the pun pose ofkeeping the wheel F in place.

A screw, J, is mounted on the rod or axis D the wheel B from revolvingtoo freely and under wheel E, and revolves freely on it. Big

idly fixed to the top of the screw J is the arm K, and attached to thearm K at l? is the spring-pawl KQwhich engages the teeth E on the wheelE to push it forward when a key is pushed or struck; also, attached tothe arm K at point P is the check-spring K, which engages in path ofprojections on the wheel E to stop it at the finishing part of a push orstroke on a key, and thus prevent the momentum of the wheel E fromcarrying it past the number struck, as it is, without said check, liableto do when a key is struck quickly.

The check pin L, attached to the under side of the top plate, is to stopthe arm K from returning back farther than the zero or starting pointafter a stroke 011 a key is finished and the finger of the operator israised.

Aplate, I, made of thin stiff material, is fastened to the top plate, A,at M M, by means of hinges,which act as a pivot at M, and allow avertical motion of the plate I at its unhinged end. The springs I I,attached at one end to the plate I, their free ends resting on thebottom plate, I, tend to push the plate I upward at all times. A nut, N,is rigidly fastened to the plate I, and moves with it up and down thescrew J when said plate is depressed by the descent of a key, and againmoves up the screw when the keyis released,and the springs I I areallowed to exert their normal force to throw the plate I upward. Thisdown-and-up motion of theplate I and nut N turns the screw J, carryingits arm K forward and back again to the stop L. The small circles a a ashow where each of the keys a a a strike the plate I when they arepushed down by the finger of the operator.

It will be observed that when any key-say No. 3-is pushed down it willstrike the plate I at a, and cause said plate to descend with the nut N,working on the screw J, and causing said screw to revolve, carrying itsarm K toward key No. 3; but when the arm K reaches key No. 3 it muststop, as said key at that moment projects down through the top plate andintercepts it. Now, the arm K has in this case passed over three-tenthsof the circle, and by the means of the spring-pawl K has also pushed theratchet-wheel E, with its corresponding wheel, 13, three-tenths of thecircle, or three notches forward. 7 hen the finger of the op erator israised from the key, it springs up, allowing the plate I to rise, andthus force the arm K back to the zero-point against the check or stoppin L; and thus any key struck will cause the arm K to turn toward it,but will intercept and stop said arm at one, two, three, four, five,six, seven, eight, or nine tenths of the circle, depending,respectively, on the number of the key struck, No. 1 allowing itto moveone space, No. 2 two spaces, &c. The index spring-pawl O keeps the wheel13 from turning back to zero when the arm K returns to its zero orstarting point, and also points to the number of notches the wheel B hasbeen pushed forward, which, in the case of striking key No. 3, has beenthree. If the key No.

2 should next be struck, the wheel I?- would be? moved forward two morenotches, and the index-spring 0 would then point to 5 on the wheel,which is the sum of the figures on the two keys which have been struck.

It will be noticed when a key is pushed down that just before the arm Kin its revolution reaches the key that is struck and that interceptssaid arm, the check-spring K will strike the said key, and the point ofthe spring will be forced into the wheel E just in front of projectionsE, thus preventing the momentum of the wheels E and B from carrying thempast the point where the arm K is intercepted and stopped by the keystruck. Near the point of the check-spring K is a keeper or guide, X,located on arm K, which confines the spring and prevents any movement ofthe spring at that point, except-that which is parallel with the lengthof the arm K.

The check-spring K may be made of different shapes or forms; but itspurpose is to stop the wheels B and Eat the end of a stroke on any ofthe keys.

As thus constructed and equipped the operation of the machine is asfollows: The machine is placed with the end having the keys thereonnearest the operator. The wheel B is set so that the zero will be underthe point of the index-spring O. The wheel F is set with zero under thepoint of the pallet F, nearest the wheel 13. Suppose the numbers 36,4:9, and (58 are to be added, the units-column is added first. Beginningat the top, the key No. 6 is first struck, which turns the wheel B sixspaces, and to the position where figure 6 will be under the point ofthe index-spring 0. Next key N0. 9 is struck, which forces B ninenotches farther forward, and to a position where figure 5 will be underthe point of index-spring C. At the moment figure 9 of wheel B passesfrom under the point of the index-spring the projection b frees thepallet E from ratchet F and allows the wheel F to move forward one toothand bring figure 1 under the point F of the pallet. figures added, oneten under thepointFof the pallet and five under the point of theindexspring 0, making fifteen units. Next key No. 8 is struck, whichforces the wheel B forward eightniore notches and shows figure 2 (tens)under point of pallet on wheel F and figure .l (as units) underindex-spring C on wheel I making twenty-three units as the sum of theunits-column. The figure 2 is set down under its column, as usual, andthe two tens carried to the next column. Now, we want the figure 2 toshow under the point of the index spring, as that is the number carried,and we want to start with it. \Vc want to change figure 3, that is underit, to figure 2. This can be done by striking key No. 9, and it mattersnot what figure is under the index-spring C, any other one of the digitsmay be brought under it by striking one key. The number of the keystruck must be such that, when added to the figure already under theindex'spring,

N ow, we can read as the sum of the Shift! U the sum will be the figuredesired, or that figure plus ten; and the zero-point may always bebrought under the index-spring by striking one key, the number of whichis the difference between ten and the figure which is already under it.After striking No. 9 and bringing figure 2 (the number carried) underthe index spring, the wheel E is turned back to zero by means of thehead G, and we are ready to add the tens-columns. The keys numbered 3,4, and 6 are successively struck, and as a result we find figure 1 underthe point of the pallet on wheel F and figure 5 under the index on wheelB, showing as the sum of the tenscolunin, including the two carried, andthus long columns may be added by striking successivel y the keyscorresponding to the figures in the column, and the result will be thesum, and will be registered-the tens on wheel F and the units on wheelB.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I desire to claim, andsecure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In an adding-machine, the combination,

with a series of depressible keys marked with Y the units of numeration,of a part or disk against which said keys come in contact whendepressed, a nut secured to said disk, a rotatable worm or screw overwhich the nut works, means, substantially as described, for register ingor showing the number of added units, and connections, as described,from the worm to the said registering means.

2. In an adding-machine, the combination of the registering-wheel, aseries of keys, a de pressible nut operated by the keys, a rotatablescrew on which the nut works, a radial arm secured to the screw andprovided with a pawl, and means, substantially as described, upon whichsaid pawl works, for operating the registering-wheel, as set forth.

In an adding-machine, the combination, with a series of spring keys orpins marked with the different units of numeration, a disk or wheelhaving an index for showing the sum of the added units of the depressedkeys, a ratchet revolving with said disk or wheel, a screwrevolvingindependently thereof, having an arm which bears the pawl foroperating upon said ratchet, a nut set over the screw and depressed bythe descent of the keys, thereby causing said screw to revolve to anamount coincident with the descent of the nut and keys, as set forth.

4. In an adding-machine, the combination of the screw J and the topplate, A, with the plate I, having springs I I, and nut N, working onthe screw J, keys for operating plate I, a registering-wheel, andconnections, substantially as set forth, from screw J to saidregistering-wheel, substantially as set forth.

5. In an adding-machine, the rod or axis D, wheel B, with tenequal-spaced notches numbered from 0 to 9, and a ratchet-wheel, E,provided with ten equal-spaced projections, both fixed to the axis D, incombination with the screw 'J, loosely sleeved upon the rod D, the armK, and the spring-pawl K, as described.

6. In an adding-machine, the combination, with the plate A, providedwith nine holes, the nine keys arranged to work through the holes inplate A, with the spring plate I, on which the said keys act, nut N,attached to plate I, and screw J, having arm K and pawl K, substantiallyas and for the purpose set forth.

7. In an adding-machine, the combination of the plate I and nut N withscrew J, the rod or axis D, keys a, and wheel B, and connections,substantially as described, from the screw J to said wheel B,substantially as described.

8. In an adding-machine, the arm K, having spring check or stop K tostrike the stem of any key that ispushed down, and whereby part K isforced into the ratchet-wheel E, in front of a projection, E, just atthe moment that the arm K strikes said key-stem, in combination with theseries of keys having stems and a ratchet-wheel,as set forth.

9. In an adding-machine, the combination of keys to, top plate, A,having the stop -pin L projecting down from it, plate I, having springsI I and nut N, screw J, and arm K, whereby, after releasing keys, thearm is caused to return to the stop L and remain there until another keyis struck.

10. In an adding-machine, the combination of topplate, A, having nineholes in acircle and keys therein, and two wheels on the face thereofarranged with the mechanism to register the sum of the figures added,with the rodor axis D, having a ratchet-wheel, E, attached thereto, andwith the screw J, working on said axis, the said screw having an arm, K,provided with an operating-pawl and a stop-spring pawl,vertically-movable plate I, having nut N, working on screw J, allconstructed and arranged to operate as and for the purpose set forth.

FRANK A. BONE.

lVitnesses:

IV. J. COLLETT, E. K. Snoon.

